2011年7月8日星期五

補選及遞補雙軌制(補遞雙軌)

我嘗試提出一個建議來修訂政府的遞補機制名為補選及遞補雙軌制(補遞雙軌)。
這只是抛磚引玉,請各方專家們多多指教及指正。

在哈薩克(Kazakhstan)拍的照片

補遞雙軌:
在一般情況,用原來的補選機制。
當有議員故意(intended)不履行議員的職責而請辭,就用同名單遞補。
但當同名單內遞補至沒有人出任議員時,議席就會懸空。

備註:
要定義什麼是故意(intended)不履行議員的職責而請辭(要諮詢法律人士及學者)
要定義全體議員人數 - 我建議是包括請辭議員人數。(這也要諮詢法律人士及學者)

如有重大議程需要三份之二的全體議員人數表決時,議員故意(intended)不履行議員的職責而請辭至議席懸空超過三份之一議席。在這種情況中,有以下的做法:
第一,撤回議程但議席依然懸空,立法會有限度運作。
第二,解散立法會,重新再選。

希望這是一個比較持平的方法。

2007年7月12日
綜合各方的意見(在留言中),有以下總結。
分析以下情況:
一、維持補選,撤回遞補方案(這是泛民所爭取,政府及建制派不會接受。)
二、同名單遞補至議席懸空(我相信政府及建制派會接受,但泛民不接受及會高舉還我補選權來抗爭。)
三、補遞雙軌(可能泛民、建制及政府各取所需而通過。)的預測需要修正,各方人士都認為要定義"故意(intended)不履行議員的職責而請辭"或"故意請辭"是非常困難。(即很難立法介定議員故意還是非故意讓議席出缺。)

在整個遞補機制中,我反對的是‘獲最大餘額票數參選人替補’。這是最大的爭議,因為邏輯不通。如果政府抽去這點再用同名單遞補至議席懸空(情況二),就比較合理。在留言中,反對及支持的意見如下。

反對的意見:
  • 大律師公會的代表在城市論壇中說,現在這做法(比例代表制加同名單遞補至議席懸空)在德國也受到違憲的質疑。
  • 泛民高舉還我補選權。
  • 對變相公投支持者而言,五位議員辭職的動機正是覆行爭取雙普選的承諾。
支持的意見:
  • 同一機制在德國就算真的違憲﹐違的也只不過是德國的憲法。在美國﹐禁止擁有槍械的法例一樣違憲﹐難道在香港就可以因此擁有槍械?
  • 以純理性去分析。議席用比例代表制選出﹐出缺時就沒有理由用單議席單票制補選。再者﹐用現時補選機制﹐如果有選區有多過一個議席出缺﹐難道要每個出缺議席都用單議席單票制補選?
  • 對反對變相公投者而言,他們是濫用補選機制來在議會中搗亂的滋事份子。
中立的意見:
  • 其實那一種的補選都未必完全可以合選民的要求,只能夠是絕對大部份,所以才需要諮詢。假若諮詢結果有了方向,便理應採立該方案,倘若仍找不到方案,便保持原狀。

希望這文章可給大眾對遞補機制有更多了解。

20110722
填補立法會議席空缺安排諮詢文件有以下四方案:
方案一:限制辭職議員參加同屆任期內任何補選
方案二:先用同一候選人名單,後再用遞補順位名單的替補機制(當局經修訂的建議)
方案三:替補機制不適用於因去世、重病或其他非自願情況出現的空缺
方案四:利用同一候選人名單的替補機制,並在名單用盡後讓議席懸空

我提議的補遞雙軌是方案三和方案四同時實行。

參考:


2011年7月2日星期六

正義: 七一之旅

在‘正義: 一場思辨之旅’中說,亞里士多德堅信,不先思考什麼是最佳的為人處世之道,就無法得知什麼是正義。現代政治思想家從十八世紀的康德到二十世紀的羅爾斯,都認為界定個人權利的正義原則不應該建立在特定的美德或最良善的處世之道上面。 尊重人人對良善人生的自主選擇,才是正義社會。

古典正義論是源於美德,現代正義論則從自由出發。 但這一刀切是有誤導之虞的。 一個社會正不正義,就要問它如何分配人民所珍視之物如:所得,財富,權力,機會,職位,榮譽。通往正義之路界定了三個出發點:福祉,自由及美德。


今次的替補機制有很大的邏輯問題(偷換概念),是一個政治炸彈。 建制派的法律觀點,我認為只指出有灰色地帶。這是技術問題,不能覆蓋法律的原則性。這是不同高度的立論。
替補機制最大的邏輯問題是‘獲最大餘額票數參選人替補’。仔細看修訂方案,政府沒有放棄這點。就算影響範圍縮小了,但邏輯未通。
現在黃仁龍表示,新的議員出缺遞補機制並無違反基本法和人權法,而且是合理及公平的方法填補空缺。 我只能假設無違反基本法和人權法,但這明顯不是合理及公平的方法。
他還說"至於只有一人的名單若然出缺,這名出缺議員在參選之前已知悉有關規定,他是有選擇之下作出的決定。"
"邏輯矛盾在於「有選擇性」這層面。"
這就是李天命所說的不當預設的謬誤。這名出缺議員在參選之前,被預設他是有選擇之下作出的決定。
把當時情境不能視為當然的假設視為當然,那就犯了不當預設的謬誤。 (哲道行者 - 李天命 2005)

我們不能把本來填補漏洞的方法,因為不完善及太倉促而變成更多漏洞的方法。 政府是需要進行充份的諮詢。

敗者替補?邏輯謬誤!

學者們的意見



在2:30pm我已經在維園近公民黨處等待3:00pm遊行開始,誰知要到4:00pm才出了維園門口。一直行到8:00pm才到政府總部。中途多處停滯而氣忿地叫喊著!


七一遊行中,有關替補機制的意見表達。








iPad 做標語


說得沒錯。今天不站出來,明天站不出來。





上政府總部去。



到達目的地。 為了反對替補機制而行駛公民權利!


我在其中 (照片由梁安琪提供)


參考:
邁可。桑德爾(2011)‘正義: 一場思辨之旅’
(English: Michael J. Sandel (2011) “Justice: What’s the right thing to do?”)
年輕學人促請政府收回「敗者替補」方案聯署聲明 - http://byelectionpetition.blogspot.com/
李天命 (2005) “哲道行者”


2011年6月26日星期日

Hong Kong Competitiveness Seminar

This morning (25 June 2011 - Saturday) I attended the seminar entitled "What is the direction of Hong Kong Competitiveness? How to establish the Innovation and Technology Bureau?" co-organized by Beijing-Hong Kong Academic Exchange Centre, TechMatrix Research Centre, and Hong Kong Professionals and Senior Executives Association. I would like to summarize some discussion of the seminar for sharing.

The first speaker was Dr. Ni (倪鵬飛) and he analyzed the competitiveness among different cities in China especially Hong Kong.



The analysis framework was introduced. He emphasized that Innovation and Technology was core competitiveness of city.



Hong Kong is still number one in General Competitiveness. (The first six ranking is Hong Kong, Shanghai, Bejing, Shenzhen, Taipei and Guangzhou.) However, Hong Kong was behind in science technology competitiveness and only ranked 26.




Then Dr. Ni identified three opportunities and challenges. They were:

- Good Asia and China economic development trend

- After economic crisis, innovation and technology would be more and more important. The technology revolution would be come.

- Global and local competitiveness on innovation and technology was serious.



Hong Kong ten advantages on Innovation and Technology were described included international level universities, finance system, legal system, information technology, location advantage, good economic foundation, integrity government, freedom economic area, good management of enterprise, and academic freedom.



However, Dr. Ni pointed out the deficient of Innovation and Technology development in Hong Kong.

- No momentum for developing innovation and technology in enterprise such as risk management, motivation measures and culture & environment.

- No condition for developing innovation and technology in enterprise such as integrated strategy mechanism, service platform, education and talent insufficient.



After that, Dr. Ni suggested the positioning and strategy for Hong Kong's innovation and technology development. Hong Kong should become Global City and positioning Hong Kong to be "Global Innovation and Technology Centre", "Asia IP Trading and Servicing Centre", "Oversea Innovation and Creative Design Centre for Mainland China", etc.

Some strategies were suggested to enforce the development of innovation and technology in Hong Kong such as implementation of CEPA supplementary document 7, etc. At the end, Dr. Ni concluded it should be enhanced the responsibility of Hong Kong Government and he supported to establish "Innovation and Technology Bureau".



The group discussion was performed. (Left: Dr. Samson Tam Wai Ho (譚偉豪), Mrs. Fanny Law (羅范椒芬), Mr. LAU Kong Wah (劉江華), Ms. Emily Lau Wai-hing (劉慧卿), Prof. Chan Chi-fai, Andrew (陳志輝) and Dr. Ni (倪鵬飛))



Mrs. Fanny Law presented different ranking system for Hong Kong.



She compared three ranking systems and summarized that Hong Kong were weak in science, technology and innovation among the evaluation.



Then she introduced Hong Kong's industries structure.



Finally, Mrs. Law concluded four points should be implemented in Hong Kong. They were Innovation and Technology Strategy Enhancement, Investment on Higher Education, Open HR market and matching National Development Strategy.



During the discussion, Mr. LAU Kong Wah suggested to form Professional Service Centre to assist Hong Kong's professionals to develop their business in China. Moreover, he mentioned the change of concept about relationship between Government and Market.


Ms. Emily Lau Wai-hing described the advantage of Hong Kong is Freedom, Legal and System. She pointed out the investment on research and technology was less than 2% of Hong Kong GDP.


Dr. Samson Tam suggested to enhance Internet Economic and to develop other kind of industry which China was not able to do. Moreover, he suggested not only Hong Kong people used Hong Kong product, but also Guangdong people also use Hong Kong product, so as to enlarge the market and good for innovation and technology development in Hong Kong.


At the end, all guests supported to establish Innovation and Technology Bureau in Hong Kong.



After the seminar, my Australia friend introduced the restaurant for Pakistani, Indian adn Arabic food called "Ziafat restaurant" in TST.





Then we saw a drama called "Boundless Movement" (遍地芳菲) to commemorate Centenary of China's 1911 Revolution (纪念辛亥革命100周年).



Reference:

Beijing-Hong Kong Academic Exchange Centre - http://www.bhkaec.org.hk/

TechMatrix Research Centre - http://www.techmatrix.hk/en/

Hong Kong Professionals and Senior Executives Association - http://www.hkpasea.org/

Ziafat restaurant: 6/F, Harilela Mansion, 81 Nathan Road, TST, Kowloon, HK.

Boundless Movement (遍地芳菲) - http://www.hkrep.com/tc_chi/season/2011-season2-1.html



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