The Government Laboratory (GL), Hong
Kong Council for Testing and Certification (HKCTC), Open University of Hong
Kong (OUHK) and Standards and Calibration Laboratory of Innovation and
Technology Commission (SCL) jointly organized the Metrology Symposium 2019 on 11th
Jan 2019. The theme is “The New SI for a
Smarter World”. Hong Kong Society for
Quality (HKSQ) was one of supporting organizations. On May 20, 2019, the
implementation of the revised International System of Units (SI) would start. Four of the seven SI base units namely
kilogram, ampere, kelvin and mole would be redefined based on the fundamental
constants, which remove the current limitations imposed by the use of artefact
standards. Before the seminar, I met Ms.
Brenda Lam (SCL) and we took a photo for memory.
In the entry of venue, silicon
sphere was set for the new definition of mass use.
I took a photo with silicon sphere for memory.
I also met Mr Nick Leung (HKAS)
and we seat together.
In the beginning, Prof. Reggie
Kwan Ching Ping (Vice President, OUHK) gave welcoming address. He briefed that
OUHK had 30 years with more than 9000 students.
Testing and Certification was one of key program in OUHK.
Mr. WW Wong (Assistant
Commissioner, Innovation and Technology Commission) gave opening remarks. He mentioned one of tasks was metrology
through SCL to assurance the accuracy and reliability that traceable to SI
units. He also stated that the poster
designed by SCL was selected as the poster of the World Metrology Day 2019 and
the design ideas were based on modern world becoming smarter with many smart technologies
such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), big data, robotics, virtual reality (VR),
5G and autonomous vehicles, etc.
The all speakers took a group
photo.
The first speaker was Dr. Della Sin (Government Chemist, Government Laboratory) and her topic entitled “The new SI and its implications”. Firstly, Dr. Sin briefed Measurement and Metrology basic concept and history that the Metre Convention signed in Paris since 1875.
Then she mentioned the BIPM’s
member states voted on 16 Nov 2018 at the 26th meeting of the
General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) to revise the Four SI units
in terms of Physical Constants. The 9th
edition of SI Brochure would be published by BIPM at https://www.bipm.org/en/measurement-units/
. And the she briefed implications of
the revision.
Finally, Dr. Sin summarized that
the new definitions of SI would come into force on 20 May 2019. It simplified the definition from material
artefact to the physical constants. The
revision of the SI would ensure that the SI continued to meet the needs of
science, technology, and commerce in the 21st century.
The second speaker was Ir. Aaron YK
Yan (Head of Laboratory, Standards and Calibration Laboratory) and his topic
named “The New SI for a Smarter World – The Story of the SI”. “Measurement is not a new things and it
happened in Ancient Times” Ir. Yan said.
Then Ir. Yan introduced different
International Metrology Infrastructure included General Conference on Weights
and Measures (CGPM), International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM), International
Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), and Consultative Committee (CC). The International System of Units started
since 1960 which was scientifically based coherent units. Then he introduced the revised SI 7 Physical
Constants in following diagram.
Finally, he said the future
direction would be redefinition of second based on optical clock(s) to achieve
accuracy in 10-18. He used a
France sentence “a tous les temps, a tous les peuples” (At all time, for all
people) to conclude his presentation.
Dr.-Ing. Prof. HC Frank Hartig
(Head of Division Mechanics and Acoustic, PTB, Germany) was the third speaker
and his presentation title was “The new kilogram now approachable for
extraterrestrials and nonhumans”.
Firstly, Prof. Frank Hartig briefed the SI based on artefacts and then
introduced SI based on defining constants.
The future kilogram (kg) would be
defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h
to be 6.626 070 15 x 10-34 when expressed in the units Js (kg m2
s-1). Prof. Hartig then demonstrated the silicon sphere to us.
The new definition of mass
equation was demonstrated and explained. Finally, he concluded the new kilogram
using a modified France sentence “a tous les temps, a tous les espece intelligente”
(At all times, to all intelligent species).
During the tea break, there were
some research posters demonstration. Poster for redefinition of the kilogram showed
two primary methods and they were Kibble Balance and Avogadro Sphere (Si
Sphere).
Another poster showed the time
frame for revision of SI. It was simple and easy to understand the whole
story.
The fourth speaker was Dr. WF
Wong (Chemist, Government Laboratory) and her presentation named “Mole:
Definition and Facts, Now and in the Future”.
Firstly, she briefed the history of the Mole. The current definition is the amount of
substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are
atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12.
But new definition of the mole would no longer be related to the carbon
12.
Dr. Wong explained the current
and new definition of the Mole through the following table. That uncertainty is almost zero.
After that she briefed the metrological traceability which stated in ISO/IEC 17025:2017 and ISO 17034:2016. The Metrological Traceability Network was showed in the following diagram. Lastly, she concluded that one mole contained exactly 6.02214076 x 1023 elementary entities. Avogadro constant is fixed with no uncertainty. Moreover, revised definition of the mole would not require any change to common practice.
The fifth speaker was Ir. Raymond
Leung (Electrical and Mechanical Engineer, SCL) and his topic entitled “The
metric system is of so much interest”. Firstly,
he briefed the metric system employed in Hong Kong many years ago.
Then he mentioned the seven base units to be revised as follows.
Finally, Ir. Leung concluded that
the revised definitions used “the rule of nature to create the rules
measurement”. So that it would provide
long-term stability and ensured that SI continued to meet the needs of science,
technology, and commerce in the 21st century.
The sixth speaker was Ir. Dr.
Steven Yang (Electronics Engineer, Standards and Calibration Laboratory) and
his presentation topic named “Small Changes in Electrical Units, a Big Step
Forward in Electrical and Medical Metrology”.
Firstly, Dr. Yang briefed the current definition of unit of electric
current (ampere). Current practical
realization of ampere was used either Josephson effect or Quantum Hall
effect.
Then Dr. Yang stated the revised
definition of electric current (ampere) that defined by taking the fixed
numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602176634x10-19
when expressed in the unit C. (Current = Flow of charge).
Finally, Dr. Yang mentioned
several medical application would be benefit under new definition for
electrical testing.
Ir. Dr. Terry Lai (Electronics
Engineer, SCL) was the last speaker and his topic entitled “Optical Clocks and
the Future of the Second”. Firstly, Dr.
Lai briefed one second time interval of the mechanical clock and digital
clock. In which crystal oscillator
employed in digital clock.
Then Dr. Lai introduced Atomic
Clocks family included microwave frequency standard and optical frequency
standard. Optical clocks had potential
to realize the second at much lower uncertainty than caesium clocks in the
future.
Q&A Session
Some interesting questions were
discussed. For instance. Dr. Terry Lai answered that the bill of
electricity would be increased HKD7000 for whole HK electricity consumption per
year under new unit definition. For chemistry,
Dr. WF Wong said it was no effect on chemical testing even though down to ppb
level.
Reference:
OUHK – http://www.ouhk.edu.hk/
The WMD,
the WAD and the WSD Forum 2018 - https://qualityalchemist.blogspot.com/2018/07/the-wmd-wad-and-wsd-forum-2018.html
Metrology
Symposium 2017 (Redefinition of the SI Unit) - https://qualityalchemist.blogspot.com/2017/10/metrology-symposium-2017-redefinition.html
The WMD,
the WAD and the WSD Forum 2017 - https://qualityalchemist.blogspot.hk/2017/06/the-wmd-wad-and-wsd-forum-2017.html#more
Seminar
on the WMD, the WAD and the WSD 2016 (flyer) - http://www.itc.gov.hk/en/quality/hkas/images/Photos/World_Accreditation_Day/WAD_2016_flyer.pdf
Seminar
Celebrating the WMD, the WAD and the WSD 2015 - https://qualityalchemist.blogspot.hk/2015/05/seminar-celebrating-wmd-wad-and-wsd-2015.html
Seminar
Celebrating the WMD, the WAD and the WSD 2014 - http://qualityalchemist.blogspot.hk/2014/05/seminar-celebrating-wmd-wad-and-wsd-2014.html
World
Metrology Day 2013 Seminar - http://qualityalchemist.blogspot.hk/2013/05/world-metrology-day-2013-seminar.html
World
Metrology Day 2012 Seminar - http://qualityalchemist.blogspot.hk/2012/05/world-metrology-day-2012-seminar.html
World
Accreditation Day 2012 Seminar - http://qualityalchemist.blogspot.hk/2012/06/world-accreditation-day-2012-seminar.html
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