The Department of Public Policy, CityU
arranged a seminar named “The Challenges and Responses of Artificial
Intelligence to the Public Management”.
The USA, China and the EU have launched strategies and policies to
complete for the development opportunities of AI. However, AI also brings a series of public
management problems such as employment substitution, etc. This seminar focused on those topics, based
on theoretical discussions, international comparisons, combined with cases to
analyze and then put forward some new views and understanding. I took a photo with Prof. Richard M. Walker
(Chair Professor, Acting Head of POL Dept., CityU).
I also took a
photo with guest speaker Prof. Liang Zheng (Professor, School of Public Policy
and Management; Deputy Director, China Institute for Science and Technology
Policy (CISTP), Tsinghua University).
In the
beginning, Prof. Liang Zheng briefed his talk content included i) The
development of AI in China; ii) The challenge of AI for public management; iii)
Key issues – Data Governance; iv) Key issues – Platform governance; and v)
Opinions and recommendations.
Firstly, Prof.
Liang mentioned the background of China’s AI strategies included “Made in China
2025” in 2015, “The 13th five-year plan for national science and
technology innovation” in 2016 and “Development plan for the new generation
artificial intelligence” in 2017. Then
he introduced China Institute for Science and Technology Policy (CISTP),
Tsinghua University which had involved in the policy study and draft.
Then Prof.
Liang compared China and the world on Science and Technology output such as research
papers (China is leader on AI research papers with high impact), Patent (China
> US > Japan). For international
AI talent, China’s AI specialists reached 18,232 (8.9% of the global total),
next only to the US (13.9%). However,
China has a lower percentage of top talents.
He also stated industry
development in China had 1011 AI companies by June 2018 but still significantly
behind the US which had 2028 companies.
Nevertheless, China has the highest venture investment in AI.
And then Prof. Liang compared different countries AI strategies and policy priorities among USA, Japan, EU and China. China focused on industrialization of AI application and he raised Huawei AI solution (e.g. AI + Transportation) and Alibaba Industrial Brain (e.g. Cloud Computing).
After that
Prof. Liang discussed the challenge of AI to public management. He mentioned
the following challenges:
i)
Shock
employment
ii)
Security
issues (AI and “Artificial Stupidity”, Personal Safety; Privacy Security and
Data Security)
iii)
Fairness
issues (Algorithmic discrimination; Information gap)
iv)
Ethical
dilemma (Legal status of AI) – United Nations: Everyone involved in the
development, design, production, assembly and use of robots must share responsibility.
Prof. Liang
discussed data governance on data quality, algorithm and governance rules. However, China’s data quality (such as
openness, transparency and shareability) is still low, restricting the further
AI development. Rules for data under “Savage
Growth” would cause of social and economic risks.
And then Prof.
Liang compared different social network platform data rules included Facebook,
YouTube, WeChat and Sina Weibo. He
stated multiple roles of government to governance data such as producer of
data, user of data and the regulator of the data.
Prof. Liang
said platform companies faced different conflicts including false information,
data ownership, privacy protection, security, fairness, etc.
Finally, he
described the comparison table of platform governance models in terms of subjects,
methods and limitation under three situation and they were platform, government
and third party organization.
Some examples
on public-private partnership were introduced in terms of Public safety, IP, Certification
system, Public service and Public school.
At the end,
Prof. Liang shared his opinions and recommendation in for dimensions and they
were Social foresight, Synchronous design, Adaptive Governance and Global
participation.
Many
participants asked questions and shared opinions.
Reference:
CISTP China AI
Development Report - http://www.sppm.tsinghua.edu.cn/eWebEditor/UploadFile/China_AI_development_report_2018.pdf
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