2009年5月9日星期六

LED Technology in Lighting Industry

Hong Kong Science Park organized “Exchange @ Science Park” on 8 May 2009. The exchange topic was “Latest EU Standard and LED Technology in Lighting Industry” and co-hosted with Intertek Testing Service. The event aimed to introduce the latest EU standard and technology trend of solid state lighting, and to build up network for fostering businesses. Some key points were summarized for sharing as below.

Mr. Anthony Tan (CEO – HKSTP) gave a Welcome Remarks and introduced the topic.


The first speaker was Mr. Samson Leong (Manager of Luminaries & Energy Efficiency Testing, Intertek) and his topic was “Europ 2005/32/EC EuP Directive – 244/2009: Non-directional Household Lamp”.


He explained Energy-using Product (EuP) Directive which has been effective on 11 Aug 2007. It aims to reduce environment impact. The directive is separated into “Specific Requirement” and “General Requirement”. If your product claims CE Mark, the product must fulfill three directives, namely LVD, EMC and EuP.

There were different types of products involved in EuP directive such as external power supplier, street & office lighting, TV, water heater, etc.

There were 6 stages of Eco-design requirements as follows:

Stage 1 (1st Sep 2009): Start of incandescent lamp phase-out (Lamps >100W) + raising the level to A-class for Non-clear lamps (CFLs) + functionality
Stage 2 (1st Sep 2010): Phase-out of 75W incandescent lamps and product information requirements
Stage 3 (1st Sep 2011): Phase-out of 60W incandescent lamps
Stage 4 (1st Sep 2012): Complete incandescent lamp phase-out (40W and 25W)
Stage 5 (1st Sep 2013): More ambitious functionality requirements
Stage 6 (1st Sep 2011): Raising the minimum level to B class for clear lamps (phasing out C-class retrofit halogen lamps)

He explained Lamp Efficacy requirements

Finally, he mentioned the verification procedure for EU market surveillance that:
i) Minimum 20 lamps of the same model should be tested.
ii) The average results of the batch do not vary from the limit or declared values by more than 10%, the model should be considered to comply.


The second speaker: Prof. MOU Tong Sheng [牟同升] (Hangzhou Zhejiang University [浙江大學光電工程系: 杭州浙大三色儀器有限公司]) and his topic was “Latest Lighting Technologies and Its Applications” [LED 國內外標準的最新進展及產業面臨的機遇和挑戰].


Prof. Mou briefed the history of some international associations such as ISO, IEC and CIE. Different IEC technical committees (TC) were stated as follows:
i) IEC TC 47 – Semiconductor devices
ii) IEC TC 37 Lamps and related equipment
iii) IEC TC 110 Flat panel display devices
iv) IEC TC 76 Optical radiation safety and laser equipment

IEC TC34 is for lamps and related equipment and related standards were shown.
i) IEC 62031:2008 “LED modules for general lighting – Safety specifications”
ii) IEC 62384:2006 “Performance of control gear for LED modules d.c. or a.c. supplied electronic control gear for LED modules – performance requirements”.
iii) IEC 60838-2-2:2006 “Miscellaneous lampholders – Part 2-2: Particular requirement – Connectors for LED modules”
iv) IEC 61347-2-13:2006 “Lamp controlgear – Part 2-13: Particular requirements for d.c. or a.c. supplied electronic controlgear for LED modules”

For OLED, China in IEC TC 110 WG5 is responsible to develop the following standard items:
· Measuring Methods of Optical and Electro-optical Parameters
· Measuring Methods of Image Quality

For LED backlight, China is one of the members to draft the standard “PT 62595-1”, which is named as “Electro-optical measurement methods of LED backlight unit for liquid crystal displays”.

Then he stated some CIE technical documents were in progress:
· CIE TC2-50 “Measurement of the optical properties of LED clusters and arrays”
· CIE TC2-58 “Measurement of LED radiance and luminance”
· CIE TC2-46 “CIE/ISO standard of measuring the averaged intensity of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)”
· CIE TC6-55 “Photobiological safety of LEDs”

After that he mentioned some USA standards for solid state lighting.
i) ANSI C78.377-2008 “Specifications for the Chromaticity of Solid State Lighting Products”
ii) IES LM-79-08 “Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid-State Lighting Products”
iii) IES LM-80 “Method for Measuring Lumen Depreciation for SSL Light Sources Expected”

He also discussed the light pollution and showed light pollution distribution of the world. He introduced the IDA certification finally.


He concluded the trend of international standard for lighting into three directions. They are:
i) Energy Save
ii) Environmental Protection
iii) Health


The last speaker was Dr. Shu Yuan (Director – LED Devices Division, ASTRI) and his topic was “High Power LED Chip Technology for Solid State Lighting”.


He discussed the common semiconductors and its application as follows:
Group IV: Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge)
Application: Integrated Circuits (ICs), photodetectors (digital cameras)

Group III-V: GaN, GaAs, InP, MCT (HgCdTe)
Application: Optoelectronic devices (such as LED, mobile phones, lighting, laser diodes, Blu-ray DVDs, fiber-optic communications, etc.), Electronic Devices (such as transistors on mobile phones and wireless basestation)

Group IV-VI: PbTe, PbSe, …
Application: Optoelectronic devices

He introduced GaN device and related materials. There were different GaN alloys such as AlGaN, InGaN, AlGaInN, etc.


Filp-Clip packaging Power GaN LEDs were introduced.

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